Art & Visual Perception 2012
A place to post reading responses and images.
Sunday, April 22, 2012
Dynamics in the Paralytic Child
The Fake Horse: Handicapped in Time or Space?
Sunday, April 15, 2012
Children and Art
Tuesday, April 10, 2012
Sacks & Sue
Reading Sacks’ article, I became acutely aware of my own eyes and the distance between them. An artist is taught that they should leave one eyes-length between the two. While I have long been privy to the notion that the eyes of prey are typically set farther apart than predators, It never occurred to me that this would effect their 3D perception. After regaining stereoscopic vision, Sue became more aggressive (predatory?) on the road—should we then equate the monoscopy caused by strabismus with defensiveness? I am curious, now, about vision in arachnids and other insects with more than two eyes. The media tends to portray an insect’s visual field as a blurry honeycomb of tiny images. It strikes me that there is more than likely a significant overlap in what each oculus sees. Would we humans be filled with the same wonder that Sue experienced were we to suddenly sprout extra eyes?
We are conditioned to assume that eyes are automatically situated on the horizontal plane. That a small difference in the vertical alignment of Sue’s eyes prevented her from experiencing the world as I do completely blew my mind. Under other circumstances I might go off on society’s “normalization” of stereoscopic vision—who’s to say that our way is the right way?— but the fact that alternatives become physically and mentally taxing over time proves my zeal misplaced.
Sacks’ childhood experiments with hyperstereoscopes and pseudoscopes prompted a frantic web search for examples of their effects and an irrepressible urge to build my own from paper towel rolls. It seems that hyper-stereo 3D, where the two perspectives (or eyes) converge at a sizable angle, has become a go-to format for video game designers looking to push boundaries. I’m less likely to emulate his other experience with stereoscopic deprivation, but the fact that one’s entire perceptual framework can shift based on the size of a room confirms that the brain is more responsible for our visual experience than our eyes.
Even after hearing Sue’s account I have a hard time grasping how one could function only using one eye at a time, especially with nearby objects. When I hold my phone right in front of my face I get completely different images from my right and left eyes. The effect of opening one after the other is almost jarring. Would Sue subconsciously favor one eye over the other in all close-up situations to avoid this effect? What if, in a deliberate attempt to trip up her visual stimuli, Sue rapidly alternated the eye she was using to focus? Like most of Sacks’ work, this story leaves me wishing I was able to meet and interact directly with his subject.
Side Note: I know that I, and many of my friends have a hard time working through “Magic Eye” illusions. I was surprised that such a frustrating game is used as proof of stereoscopic sight. Perhaps I’m just jealous.
Sue and Virgil integrating new sight
I was also curious about Sue's nearly seamless integration of stereoscopy into her other visual percepts, and agreed with Sack's (especially after reading about Virgil) that while this shift may have been easy for Sue, it is not an experience that can be mapped on to the vision changes of others. I wonder if it is possible that Sue had an easier experience because she simply had to fuse two separate visual fields in order to correct her vision, while sight for Virgil was an entirely unknown experience. I wonder how much of this has to do with the fact that Virgil had to learn object delineation, while Sue already had the ability to see object boundaries, even if it was on a primarily two-dimensional scale. It was necessary for Virgil to acquire skills in object recognition if he wanted to be able to correctly interpret visual stimuli, whereas Sue had perfect recognition capacities before the experience of stereopsis. To reiterate Sacks: Sue had a precursor; Virgil did not, and this precursor, it seems, made all the difference.
Beyond this, I also wondered whether other facets of Sue and Virgil's personalities affected the ease of their visual integration. Sacks describes Virgil as developing a kind of "psychic blindness" (as well as visual blindness) in reaction to his surgery. Sacks describes this psychic blindness as a bad side effect of a surgery gone wrong, but I wonder how intentional this psychic blindness might have been, to what extent it could have been Virgil's attempt to return to the former mental state that accompanied his former visual one. Sue, in contrast, seemed extremely adaptable to her pre- and post-stereoscopic visual states. She was not especially bothered by her lack of normal vision (as Sacks describes it), and was not even entirely aware of what was missing, whereas Virgil was aware of what was missing and tailored his life around it. Changing Sue's vision did not change her life in any profound way, whereas changing Virgil's vision removed him from his essential zone of familiarity.
This led me to consider the effects of "experimenting" with one's vision. Does one need a visual baseline in order to be positively affected by eyesight changes? What is the ideal platform of vision capacity/incapacity for experimentation?